Asperger Syndrome

What is Asperger syndrome?

Asperger syndrome is a pervasive developmental disorder. Children who have it do not develop normally in several basic areas:

• They behave oddly at times and have trouble with social skills.
• They may not want to interact with others or may have trouble doing so.
• They may not be able to understand body language or use gestures to communicate.

Asperger syndrome is also called an autistic spectrum disorder because it is related to autism. Autism is a disorder in which children have language and social problems.

How does it occur?

The cause of this disorder is unknown. It may be caused by problems during birth. The fathers of children with this disorder may also have intense and limited interests, a rigid style, and be awkward or timid with other people.

Brain scans of people with this illness show that certain parts of their brains tend to be smaller than normal.

About 1 in 10,000 children are diagnosed with Asperger syndrome. Boys have it 4 times as often as girls. It is usually diagnosed at 2 years of age or older.

What are the symptoms?

The language and self-help skills of children with Asperger syndrome develop normally. They show normal curiosity about their surroundings. However, children with this disorder:

• have a hard time making eye contact and using facial expressions and hand gestures when talking to other people
• repeat certain behaviors (such as hand-flapping, doing meaningless rituals, or being preoccupied with things that spin)
• are clumsy and uncoordinated
• are very self-focused. They may not notice the needs of others or be able to share enjoyment, interests, and activities.

People with Asperger syndrome do not relate well to others in large groups, but they may do fine in smaller groups or one-to-one. They can be very attached to friends and family.

How is it diagnosed?

The healthcare provider will examine the child and ask about the child's symptoms, medical history, and the family history of any medical and mental problems. A psychologist can test the child's intelligence and assess social interaction and communication skills. Sometimes a CT or MRI scan of the brain or an EEG to measure electrical activity of the brain will be done. A psychiatrist may evaluate your child to see if medicine might help his or her symptoms.

How is it treated?

Treatment can include social skills training, counseling (both individual and group), medicine, and special education.

How long will the effects last?

Asperger syndrome is a lifelong condition. However, treatment often improves the condition. People with this disorder can have good relationships, hold jobs, and lead happy and productive lives.