Sepsis from Infusion, Injection, or Transfusion

What is sepsis from infusion, injection, or transfusion?

Sepsis is infection in the bloodstream, usually by bacteria. Sepsis can occur when bacteria get into the bloodstream after you have intravenous (IV) fluids, a shot, or a blood transfusion.

How does it occur?

There are always bacteria on the skin and on the surfaces of most objects. This is why healthcare providers clean the skin to kill bacteria before they give a shot or IV. They also use gloves and sterilized instruments and equipment to prevent spread of bacteria and viruses. A blood infection may occur when the IV line or shot is given through an infected area of skin or when there is a clot in the vein so that the blood does not flow well. It may also occur when an infection from one part of the body is spread to the injection site.

Sepsis is more common in people whose immune systems are not working well because of cancer treatment (radiation or chemotherapy), immune-suppressing drugs (for transplants or autoimmune diseases), chronic disease, or immune-suppressing infections (such as HIV).

What are the symptoms?

Symptoms of sepsis include:

• fever
• chills
• body aches
• nausea or vomiting
• a rapid heart rate
• dizziness when you stand up
• confusion.

How is it diagnosed?

The diagnosis of sepsis is made after a careful history and physical exam is done. You will have blood tests to check your complete blood count and to culture your blood for bacteria.

How is it treated?

Sepsis is treated with intravenous antibiotics. You may also need oxygen or IV fluids.

How long will the effects last?

The symptoms usually last about 2 to 5 days after the start of treatment. Even when the symptoms are gone, it is important to finish the full antibiotic treatment to make sure all bacteria have been killed.

How can I take care of myself?

• Follow your healthcare provider's instructions.
• Get lots of rest to allow your body to recover.

How can I help prevent sepsis?

• Keep the site of your shot or IV clean.
• Watch the site for redness, swelling, or drainage of pus. Tell your healthcare provider if you see any of these signs of infection.