AIDS-Associated Tumors

What are AIDS-associated tumors?

AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) attacks the body's immune system. The immune system is a natural defense system that protects against foreign substances and invading organisms, such as bacteria, that cause disease. Because someone with AIDS can no longer fight off disease successfully, infections and cancerous tumors can more easily invade the body.

AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Tumors associated with infection by this virus are:

• Kaposi's sarcoma, a skin tumor: Sarcomas are cancerous tumors that start in bones, cartilage, or muscle tissue.
• Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: These tumors are in the lymphatic tissues. The lymphatic system includes organs, ducts, and tissues that drain fluid called lymph into the bloodstream to fight infection. The lymphatic tissues are found in the armpits, groin, and neck.
• Primary lymphoma of the brain: This is a tumor in the brain.

What are the symptoms?

Symptoms of AIDS-associated cancers include bumps or discolored places on the skin. Usually the bumps on the skin are not tender. Lymph nodes that stay swollen and are usually not tender can be a symptom of lymphoma.

How are they diagnosed?

To diagnose Kaposi's sarcoma, your healthcare provider will biopsy any reddish-purple patch or sore on the skin or on the lining of the mouth, vagina, or anus. To diagnose non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, a sample of tissue (biopsy) taken from an enlarged lymph node is examined under a microscope. A CT scan may be done to diagnose cancer in the brain.

How are they treated?

Treatments for AIDS-associated cancers include:

• Chemotherapy: Anticancer drugs, which kill cells. These drugs are taken orally or injected into the bloodstream.
• Radiation therapy: Radioactivity or X-rays used mainly to destroy cancerous growths and prevent or slow their spread.
• Combination therapy: Treatment that can include several therapies.

How can I take care of myself?

To help yourself get better, follow these guidelines:

• Call or see your healthcare provider as soon as you notice symptoms or changes in your body or mental functioning, such as trouble concentrating or memory problems.
• Stay as healthy as possible by getting enough rest, eating a healthy diet, drinking plenty of water, and being physically active every day.