- adjustment insomnia: inability to sleep that lasts from a few days to a few months and is caused by stress, anxiety, depression or worry
- advanced sleep phase: overwhelming evening sleepiness, falling asleep early and waking earlier than is desired
- bedwetting: involuntary nighttime urination by children over age 5 or 6
- behavioral insomnia of childhood: a child’s difficulty getting to sleep and/or staying asleep, or poor quality sleep that is non-restorative
- behaviorally induced insufficient sleep syndrome: occurs when you regularly fail to get enough sleep at night resulting in daytime sleepiness from sleep deprivation
- central sleep apnea: periods of interrupted breathing that occurs when the brain temporarily stops sending signals to breathe
- Cheyne-Stokes breathing: a periodic breathing pattern that disrupts sleep in patients with heart failure
- circadian rhythm sleep disorders: a family of sleep disorders affecting the timing of sleep
- confusional arousals: remaining in a confused state when waking from sleep, often affecting children
- congenital central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome: a disease of infants and children in which they may have inadequate breathing most severe during sleep
- delayed sleep phase: inability to fall asleep and wake up at the desired time for a period of more than three months
- dissociative disorders: interruption of the basic elements of waking consciousness
- eating disorder: repeated involuntary episodes of eating that occur during nighttime sleep
- environmental sleep disorder: inability to sleep due to noise, bed motion, light, temperature or any other environmental cause, more common in the elderly
- fatal familial insomnia: a rare disease that interferes with sleep and leads to deterioration of mental and motor functions and eventual death
- free-running (nonentrained) type: a circadian rhythm (sleep timing) disorder in which the sleep time and wake up time continue to move later and later every day
- grinding teeth (sleep bruxism): unconsciously grinding your teeth at night
- groaning: a relatively rare parasomnia, in which you groan during sleep, often quite loudly
- hallucinations: seeing and hearing things that aren’t there
- hypersomnia: excessive sleepiness
- hypoventilation/hypoxemia due to various causes: abnormal gas exchange in the lungs that gets worse, or may only be present, during sleep
- idiopathic hypersomnia: sleeping too much without an obvious cause
- idiopathic insomnia: a chronic and serious inability to fall asleep that can often be observed as early as the first few weeks of life
- inadequate sleep hygiene: everyday habits that interfere with sleep
- insomnia: a common condition in which people have trouble falling asleep and/or staying asleep
- irregular sleep-wake rhythm: a rare circadian rhythm (sleep timing) disorder marked by numerous naps throughout the 24-hour period
- jet lag: occurs when the body clock is disrupted by crossing a number of time zones
- leg cramps: involuntary muscle contractions that occur in the calves, soles of the feet, or other muscles in the body during the night or while resting
- long sleeper: a consistent pattern of needing more sleep than most people that starts in childhood
- movement disorder: neurological conditions that affect the speed, fluency, quality, and ease of movement
- narcolepsy: a chronic condition with daytime sleepiness often associated with sudden weakness with laughing or surprise
- nightmares: dreams that occur during sleep that bring out strong feelings of fear, terror, distress, or anxiety
- obstructive sleep apnea in adults and children: condition where breathing air flow is blocked by relaxation of the throat during sleep in a way that prevents taking full and complete breaths.
- paradoxical insomnia: A sleep disorder that causes a person to think they are awake at night when they are sleeping.
- parasomnia: odd or dangerous movements or behavior that occur during sleep such as sleep talking, sleep texting, sleep walking, sleep terrors and REM (rapid eye movement) behavior disorder
- periodic limb movements: sudden, rapid, shock-like muscle contractions that occur in a changing pattern when you are relaxed and close to falling asleep; repetitive cramping or jerking of the legs during sleep
- primary sleep apnea of infancy: reductions and pauses in an infant’s sleep, most common in small, preterm infants
- psychophysiological insomnia: a type of insomnia associated with excessive worrying
- recurrent hypersomnia: periods of excessive daytime sleepiness that can last from one to many days, and happen again over the course of a year or more
- REM sleep behavior disorder: Occurs when the paralysis that normally occurs during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is incomplete or absent, allowing the person to "act out" his or her dreams, sometimes violently.
- restless legs: an irresistible urge to move one's legs to stop uncomfortable or odd sensations, can also affect other parts of the body
- rhythmic movement: repeated body movements that occur while drowsy or asleep
- shift work disorder: insomnia and excessive sleepiness affecting people whose work hours are scheduled during the typical sleep period
- short sleeper: people who are able to function with far less than the recommended seven or eight hours of sleep a night
- sleep apnea/sleep related breathing disorder, unspecified: abnormal breathing patterns or an abnormalities in oxygen or carbon dioxide in the body during sleep
- sleep paralysis: being unable to move voluntarily when falling asleep or waking up
- sleep starts: sudden brief contractions of the legs or arms that occur when falling asleep
- sleep talking: talking during sleep without being aware of it
- sleep terrors: dreams similar to a nightmares but far more dramatic
- sleepwalking: a condition that causes people to get up and walk while in deep sleep
- snoring: vibration of the breathing structures resulting in a sound that occurs when breathing is blocked while sleeping
